Age is one of the main risk factors for the development of cognitive impairments [1]. The increase in life expectancy leads to a rise in the prevalence of age related changes in the brain [3], resulting in deterioration of memory, attention, executive functions, and other cognitive abilities. Theoretical modelling and preclinical study results indicate that cellular chronoblockers (CCs) may have a positive effect on neuroplasticity, reduce neuroinflammation, stimulate neurogenesis, and promote the removal of senescent cells [11]. Through these mechanisms, CCs offer promising prospects for improving learning processes, memory, and attention in older adults [9], providing more effective methods for restoring cognitive functions compared to existing approaches. The development and implementation of CCs may help slow the progression of cognitive impairments and significantly enhance the quality of life for elderly patients. This article employed a comprehensive approach and various methods to study the efficacy of cellular chronoblockers in cognitive rehabilitation of elderly patients. A theoretical analysis of scientific literature was complemented by preclinical studies using animal models [7], where the effects of different types of chronoblockers on cellular mechanisms of brain aging were evaluated. Special attention was given to experimental modelling of drug effects on the key pathogenetic mechanisms of cognitive decline. The use of cellular chronoblockers—both as monotherapy and in combination—demonstrates statistically significant improvement in cognitive functions among elderly patients with cognitive impairments, primarily in the domains of memory, attention, and executive functions.