Demographic population aging is accompanied by an increasing prevalence of geriatric syndromes, among which cognitive impairment and dental pathology occupy a special place. The accumulated evidence base indicates a bidirectional pathogenetic link between the functional state of the oral cavity and cognitive status; however, in domestic clinical practice, these data have not yet been systematized within a single clinico-pathogenetic complex. This article substantiates the allocation of cognitive-dental syndrome as an independent geriatric syndrome, analyzes the mechanisms of its formation, and proposes diagnostic criteria.