The article focuses on the important issue of how concomitant diseases known as "proxibolessies" affect the selection of anesthesiological approaches in surgery. We examine five groups of diseases commonly encountered in medical practice, highlight specific features of each group, and emphasize the importance of considering these factors when preparing for surgery and choosing an anesthesia method. Special attention is given to diseases that are particularly significant in Russian anesthesiology, including coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, malignancies, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. We thoroughly analyze the relationship between these diseases and the need for individualized treatment strategies tailored to each case. This article provides valuable insights for practicing professionals, expanding their knowledge regarding nuances of anesthesia administration in patients with various coexisting pathologies. The provided practical tips and recommendations facilitate decision-making in complex situations and contribute to improving the quality of healthcare services. This work serves as a valuable guideline for anesthesiologists and merits the attention of a broader audience within the healthcare profession.