The article presents a review of literature data about the role of the elderly age in the development of cardiovascular diseases, its impact on primary and secondary prophylaxis of such cases. The influence of old age on the state of the cardiovascular system is described. Modern recommendations concerning the treatment of arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease in elderly patients are presented. Indications for antihypertensive therapy are specified, targeted blood pressure levels for elderly are presented. The expediency of using of the statins in elderly and senile cases is analyzed; indications and contraindications for their use are discussed. Special attention is paid to the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis for elderly cases. The issues of the using of antiplatelet agents and oral anticoagulants in elderly with cardiovascular diseases are considered, modern recommendations for their use in this age group are given. It is concluded that is unacceptable to underestimate or ignore the elderly age of the patients during the treatment of cardiovascular pathology at such cases.